多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨多元化联合教学模式在超声引导下疼痛介入治疗教学中的应用效果。方法选择2018年1月至2020年12月在北京大学第三医院疼痛科进修的30名医师作为研究对象,将其分为对照组与观察组;对照组采用常规教学模式;观察组采用多元化联合教学模式,比较两组医师技能考核成绩、教学质量评分和满意度评分。结果观察组医师技能考核成绩优良率为93.3%,高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);观察组医师对基础理论知识掌握、临床思维能力的提高、学习兴趣的激发、疾病诊治能力的提高4个方面的评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论多元化联合教学模式可促进超声引导下疼痛介入治疗技能的提高,有利于提高学员的综合临床能力。     

社区与家庭一体化管理模式在农村地区冠心病二级预防中的探索

目的 探索建立一种以助理全科医师为主体，社区卫生服务中心与患者家庭对冠心病出院患者进行连续性管理,适合现阶段农村基层医疗卫生条件的冠心病二级预防新模式。 方法 将2016年6月—2017年6月在北京市延庆区医院确诊的100例冠心病患者作为实验组纳入“社区与家庭一体化管理”模式进行冠心病二级预防管理并随访12个月,回顾前1年(2015年6月—2016年6月)在北京市延庆区医院确诊的100例冠心病患者二级预防效果为对照组,就2组患者对冠心病知识知晓率(问卷调查)、循证药物治疗的依从性(家属对患者服药种类及次数进行记录)、冠心病危险因素(每3个月测量1次血压、血糖、血脂、体重及戒烟率)的控制及不良心血管事件发生率进行对比研究。 结果 经“社区与家庭一体化管理”模式进行冠心病二级预防的患者,对冠心病知识掌握率为74%(对照组为38%)、服药依从性为88%(对照组为46%)均明显提高(均P<0.05)；吸烟、控制体重等不良生活方式改善不明显(P>0.05)，低密度脂蛋白、血压、血糖等指标较入院时显著改善(均P<0.05)，2组不良心血管事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 “社区与家庭一体化管理”冠心病二级预防模式保障了对出院患者的连续性管理,明显提升冠心病患者对所患疾病的认识,有效控制冠心病危险因素，提高循症药物治疗的依从性。      

A comprehensive 3D CT based classification of intertrochanteric fracture

IntroductionDespite advancements in surgical techniques complications like implant failure is very common after the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures. Classifying these complex fractures based on plain radiographs underestimates the complexity of these fractures which in turn leads to complications. We propose a comprehensive classification of the intertrochanteric fractures based on 3D Non Contrast Computed Tomography (3D NCCT) scan.Material and methodsA total of 102 patients (51 males and 51 females) with intertrochanteric fractures were included in this study conducted over a time period of 22 months in a Tertiary care center in North India. NCCT proximal femur of the intertrochanteric fracture patients was done to formulate a new CT classification system and classify all fractures. Intra and inter-observer reliability was tested using kappa variance.ResultsNew classification system was proposed which included 3 main and a total of 6 groups. All the fractures were classifiable into the new system. Kappa variance of the study showed a good intra and interobserver reliability (0.95 and 0.90) proving clinical agreement of the classification.ConclusionThis new 3D-CT based classification has the advantages of being easy, comprehensible with high intra and inter-observer reliability. This 3DCT based classification can prove to be useful to detect occult intertrochanteric fractures undetectable in plain radiographs as well as choosing the optimum treatment plan.     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of intramedullary nail with different materials in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures

Intramedullary nails are the common treatment options for femoral intertrochanteric fractures. However, aseptic loosening is considered to be one of the primary forms of failure that can be caused by the stress shielding between the bone and implants. The matching in mechanical properties of implant and bone is a key issue to prevent this failure. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Function-graded (FG) materials are widely used in clinical because of their excellent mechanical properties. In this study, to investigate the biomechanical behaviors of intramedullary nails made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Stainless Steel (SS), PEEK and two FG materials, three-dimensional finite element models of intertrochanteric fracture femur with intramedullary nail were constructed with ABAQUS. The maximum von Mises stress on the femoral fracture surface fixed by PEEK intramedullary nail was the largest, followed by FG intramedullary nail, which help stimulate bone growth and subsequently reduce fracture healing time. Compared with traditional metal intramedullary nails, PEEK and FG implants might increase von Mises stress along the same path in the proximal femur. The results showed that PEEK and FG intramedullary nails obviously changed the stress distributions in the bone and reduced stress shielding. This finding indicated that PEEK and FG intramedullary nails have the potential to become alternatives to the conventional metal intramedullary nails.     

Qigong in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder is a condition that affects all races, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. With a high incidence ratio of one in every 68, it has become one of the most discussed psychiatric disorders. For this reason, the need for investigating novel treatments has been emerging. Qigong, a traditional Chinese mind-body technique, has already proven to be able to reduce symptoms of several physical and psychological illnesses.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review is to examine and categorize the current scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of Qigong on children suffering from autism spectrum disorders.Search strategyA systematic literature search of the electronic scientific databases PubMed, Clinical Trials.gov, BioMed Central, PubMed Central and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies of Qigong in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder.Inclusion criteriaThis review included randomized controlled trials, replication studies, retrospective studies and observational follow-up studies of Qigong on children with autism spectrum disorder. Case reports and case series were excluded.Data extraction and analysisTwo researchers independently evaluated the methodological quality of all included studies. Any discrepancies were solved by discussion until consensus was achieved.ResultsOur literature search identified 157 publications, and 10 additional publications from hand search of references. After duplicate removal, 103 records remained. After the title/abstract screening, 19 publications were obtained for detailed evaluation. After detailed evaluation, 10 studies were included. Seven studies were conducted with small children with 2–6 years old employing Qigong massage, and three studies were conducted with older children aged 7–17 years old applying both Qigong massage (one study) and Neigong (two studies).ConclusionStudies demonstrated that Qigong has interesting and promising applicability and effect on children with autism spectrum disorder and should be tested further. Despite the need for more rigorous controlled studies, Qigong seems to be able to decrease severity of individual sensory, behavioural, and language components of autism, and improve self-control, sociability, sensory and cognitive awareness as well as healthy-physical behaviour. Besides positive effect on children and adolescents, benefits seem to extend to parents and caregivers as well. However, quality of methodology seems to be insufficient to state that Qigong is an alternative to common behavioural therapies. We suggest that, until more investigation is performed, Qigong may only be used as a complement, or when behavioural therapies are not accessible.     

重视急腹症的介入治疗

目的急腹症是指以急性腹痛为主要发病特征的一组临床急症。其特点是起病急、病情变化快且严重,常需外科处理。因此,在传统医学观念上,急腹症属于外科范畴。随着介入医学在临床应用的日益广泛,急腹症的介入治疗逐渐显现出明显的优势,这种优势表现在以下两个方面:①现代医学影像学的发展为急腹症及时正确的诊断提供了可能;②介入治疗技术以其创伤小见效快为特点,较之传统外科手术更具治疗优势。因此,我们有理由相信对于急腹症,介入诊断和治疗应该成为首先考虑的手段。应当高度重视急腹症的介入治疗。